What is it?

Hepatitis A is a viral illness that leads to inflammation of the liver and it is primarily spread through consuming contaminated food and water. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 1.4 million people worldwide are affected by Hepatitis A each year, making it a significant global health concern.

Countries at risk

Hepatitis A is found globally, but the majority of cases occur in developing nations, where sanitation and hygiene are poor. Regions with the highest incidence include Africa, Asia, South America, and Central America, particularly in areas where clean water is scarce.

Travel precautions

For those travelling outside Europe, we recommend vaccinations such as Hepatitis A, Typhoid, and Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Polio (DTP). If you frequently visit or stay for long periods in developing countries, consider the Hepatitis B vaccine too. Additionally, for those heading to rural areas, especially in developing regions, the cholera vaccine (Dukoral) is advisable, as it also reduces the likelihood of traveller’s diarrhoea, caused by E. coli. Dukoral is taken orally in two doses, spaced one week apart.

To minimise the risk of contracting Hepatitis A and other diseases, drink only bottled or boiled water, avoid ice, and steer clear of salads washed with tap water. Consume only peelable fruit and freshly cooked, hot meals, and avoid raw food.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms may appear 14 to 28 days after exposure, with varying degrees of severity. Common signs include fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle pain, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

The vaccination

After receiving the initial hepatitis A vaccination, a booster is necessary at least six months later. Once the booster is given, protection against Hepatitis A lasts for up to 25 years.

Availability

Visit your chosen pharmacy to inquire about this service, or drop in whenever convenient to speak with a pharmacist.