What is it?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection spread through exposure to blood, semen and vaginal fluids from an infected person. It is often transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, or by sharing needles to inject drugs. The virus is known to be 100 times more infectious than HIV.

There are several types of hepatitis, but hepatitis B is particularly dangerous due to its potential to cause long term chronic illness and even liver cancer if left untreated.

You can become exposed to hepatitis through unprotected sex, medical or cosmetic procedures with unsterilised equipment, or by being injured by a used needle in high-risk environments.

Countries at risk

Hepatitis B is prevalent across the globe, with higher risk regions including Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and South and Central America. In these areas, the virus is more widespread, and hepatitis B infection is more commonly contracted.

Travel precautions

When travelling outside Europe, it is wise to get vaccinated against Hepatitis A, Typhoid, and Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Polio (DTP). For frequent or extended stays in developing countries, the dose of hepatitis B vaccine becomes more important.

For those heading to rural areas in these countries, it is prudent to consider the cholera vaccine (Dukoral). Dukoral, an oral vaccine given in two doses one week apart, also provides protection against traveller’s diarrhoea caused by E. coli.

While short-term travellers face a lower risk of Hepatitis B, this risk can increase based on the nature of their activities and behaviours.

If you will be undergoing medical or dental procedures, acupuncture, body piercings, tattoos, or engaging in contact sports, the hepatitis B vaccination is strongly recommended. These activities significantly increase the chances of being exposed to hepatitis through contaminated instruments or contact.

Travellers should also consider combined hepatitis A and B vaccines for broader protection, especially if they are uncertain of their previous immunity.

In rural destinations, the cholera vaccine (Dukoral) may also be recommended. Dukoral offers added protection against E. coli-related traveller’s diarrhoea

Signs and symptoms

Hepatitis B symptoms are often flu-like and include fatigue, muscle aches, fever, and headaches. In more severe cases, the infection affects the liver, resulting in jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), a hallmark sign of chronic hepatitis.

The vaccination

The hepatitis B vaccination is given as a three-dose series. Typically, the doses are spaced over six months, though there is an accelerated vaccination schedule where the entire course is administered within a month, followed by a booster shot after one year.

The injection site is usually the upper arm, and common side effects may include mild swelling or redness at the site, along with tiredness or low-grade fever.

The hepatitis B vaccine is suitable for people of all years of age, including infants, children, and adults, especially those at higher risk.

If you’re unsure of your current immunity status, blood tests can determine whether you’ve previously had the vaccine or a hepatitis B infection.

Availability

To get the hepatitis B vaccination and take a step toward preventing hepatitis, visit your local pharmacy. Find out more about availability or stop by at a time that suits you best.