What do we test for?
Sexual Health (6 Biomarkers)
Many sexually transmitted infections can be diagnosed through urine or blood samples.
Because some STIs do not present symptoms, it is essential to get regular testing to prevent the development of more serious health problems.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a common bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is currently the most widespread STI in the UK. A significant number of people infected with chlamydia exhibit no symptoms, which is why it is often referred to as “The Silent Epidemic.”
Fortunately, it is easily treatable with antibiotics. However, if left untreated, chlamydia can lead to serious reproductive complications, including infertility. If your test result is positive, it is crucial that you inform your partner(s), so that they can also get tested and seek treatment if necessary.
Gonorrhoea
Gonorrhoea is another bacterial STI, and it is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can lead to severe reproductive health complications if not treated. This infection can affect the genital tract, mouth, and rectum. Like chlamydia, gonorrhoea may not show symptoms, making regular screening important.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
The hepatitis B virus causes a liver infection, and it spreads through contact with an infected person’s blood or bodily fluids. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) is produced in response to the virus. The HBsAg test is used to determine if a person is currently infectious, which is essential for preventing the spread of the virus and initiating early treatment to reduce liver damage.
Hepatitis C Antibodies (HCAg)
Hepatitis C is another virus that affects the liver and spreads through contact with infected blood. After exposure, the immune system produces Hepatitis C Antibodies (HCAg). Testing for these antibodies helps determine whether someone has been exposed to the virus previously. Left untreated, hepatitis C can lead to long-term liver damage and increase the risk of liver cancer.
HIV 1 & 2 Antibodies
HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fight infections and diseases. HIV 1 & 2 antibodies are produced after exposure to the virus, and testing for these antibodies helps confirm whether someone has been infected. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in managing HIV and preventing it from progressing to AIDS.
Syphilis IgM/IgG
Syphilis is a bacterial infection that can cause serious health complications, if untreated. The body produces two types of antibodies in response to syphilis: IgM and IgG. IgM antibodies appear first and indicate a current infection, while IgG antibodies are produced later and remain in the body long-term, providing immunity. Testing for both types of antibodies helps diagnose both active and past syphilis infections.
FAQs
When should I get tested?
If you are sexually active, it is important to undergo regular testing. A key symptom to watch for is unusual discharge from the penis or vagina. However, because many STIs do not show symptoms, routine testing is recommended even if you feel healthy.
Am I at risk of chlamydia?
Chlamydia can be transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Some groups, including sexually active young adults and men who have sex with men, face a higher risk of contracting chlamydia, especially through oral and anal routes. Consistent condom use can significantly lower the risk of infection.
How common are chlamydia and gonorrhoea?
Chlamydia is one of the most common STIs in the UK, followed closely by gonorrhoea. Both infections can occur without symptoms, which is why it is essential to get regularly tested, especially if you have multiple partners or do not use protection consistently.
Which results require a blood sample, and which require a urine sample?
Blood sample: Hepatitis, HIV, Syphilis
Urine sample: Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea
